The missouri-kansas conflict You are here Timeline. Saturday, May 7, to Friday, September 2, Timeline Event Battle of Gettysburg. Sherman's March to the Sea. Battle of Hickory Point. John W. Sherman had won the campaign. Sherman brought these armies together to form, by late April, a group of , men and some cannons, all assembled around Chattanooga.
Facing them near Dalton was the Confederate Army of Tennessee, which had been defeated and driven from Missionary Ridge the previous November and was now under a new commander, General Joseph E. Numbering 54, officers and men on April 10, plus artillery pieces, the army had been snapped back into shape during the winter by Johnston. In the instructions given to them by their superiors, neither Johnston nor Sherman was informed about the taking of Atlanta as a military objective.
As for the Confederate plans, President Davis wanted Johnston to advance back into Tennessee, but Johnston argued that, outnumbered and blocked at Chattanooga, he could assume no offensive. On April 10 he sent Grant his outlines for taking the city, once he had pushed Johnston back to it. First, he would maneuver around Atlanta and cut the railroads leading into the city, forcing the Confederate defenders to evacuate through want of supplies.
Then he would push farther still into Georgia. He called for reinforcements just to hold his lines and at times seemed doubtful of his ability to manage even that. Sherman began marching his troops on May 5, and his opening maneuvers set the stage for the rest of the campaign.
During the night of May , Johnston retreated to Resaca, a dozen miles south of Dalton, and dug into a new position. Johnston ordered another retreat to take place the next night. The Southerners, clinging to the railroad, withdrew toward Cassville, just north of Cartersville. The Northerners followed in several widely separated columns. Johnston, seeing an opportunity to attack one of the Union columns, issued battle orders on the morning of May He called it off, however, when enemy cavalry threatened his attacking column before the battle ever started.
Johnston ordered another retreat, this time across the Etowah River to Allatoona. To his superiors in Richmond and to the Georgians increasingly alarmed at the Union advance, Johnston gave no assurances of any plan other than choosing successive defensive positions until he was flanked out of them. Moreover, even though the Confederate administration sent almost 20, reinforcements to his aid by late May, Johnston kept to his cautious, retrogressing strategy and allowed the enemy a leisurely, uncontested crossing of the Etowah on May Sherman maintained his initiative.
Knowing the strength of the Confederate position at Allatoona, he bypassed it altogether and struck to the southwest, away from the railroad and toward Dallas. After his cavalry secured Allatoona Pass on June 3, Sherman moved his forces eastward, back to the railroad.
Johnston stayed ahead of him, digging in around Kennesaw Mountain. Reinforced by a full infantry corps from Mississippi, the Union army still held a ten-to-six numerical edge in early June, an advantage of which Johnston was keenly aware and which fed his unaggressive posture. For several weeks Sherman was stymied in his maneuvers by almost daily rains, but he tried to force the issue with an attacking battle on June 27 against the Confederate lines at Kennesaw Mountain.
Skirmishing and cannonading along the rest of the lines an almost daily occurrence by this point in the Atlanta campaign brought Union and Confederate casualties on that day to an estimated 3, and 1, respectively.
When the rains ended, Sherman returned to his flanking strategy on July and forced Johnston to retreat about six miles from Kennesaw to a new line south of Marietta.
Some had already fled. Mirroring the alarm in Atlanta, President Davis feared that the city would be abandoned without a fight.
On July 10 he began to consult with his cabinet and to inform Robert E. Hood, who was well known for his pugnacity and willingness to attack. Hood accepted command and, with it, the unfavorable odds. Hood saw an opportunity to strike Thomas while the other two enemy armies were too far away to give support.
Accordingly, he issued plans for an attack on the afternoon of July In the resulting Battle of Peachtree Creek, the Confederates attacked, gaining minor tactical successes, but were ultimately repulsed.
Casualties numbered 2, Southern and 1, Northern. As McPherson pushed closer to the city from the east, his army presented the next target for Hood.
But here too the Confederates were ultimately repulsed and lost an estimated 5, men. Lee, to order a premature frontal attack. The Confederates quickly constructed a fortified railway defense line to East Point six miles southwest of downtown Atlanta that blocked the further advance of Union troops. Sherman, however, was determined to pound Hood out of the city. On July 20 he ordered that any artillery positioned within range begin a cannonading, not just of the Confederate lines but also of the city itself, which still held about 3, civilians down from 20, earlier in the spring.
The artillery barrage reached its height on August 9, when Union guns fired approximately 5, shells into town. The number of wounded and maimed must be judged much higher, although Southern medical records offer no precise data. Though his own headquarters came under shellfire, Hood refused to budge. Supplies continued to arrive into the city from Macon , even after the third railroad to Montgomery had been cut in mid-July by a Union cavalry raid in Alabama.
Sherman tried twice to cut the last railroad, the Macon and Western, with cavalry raids in late July and mid-August. After these attempts failed with a few miles of torn track quickly repaired , Sherman concluded that only a massive infantry sweep would cut the Macon Road.
On August 25, with his forces withdrawn to guard the Chattahoochee bridgehead northwest of Atlanta and his siege lines abandoned, Sherman marched most of his army six of seven corps south and then southeast toward Jonesboro, fifteen miles from Atlanta. Grant, who in March was given command of all Union armies and promoted to lieutenant general, a rank last held in wartime by George Washington.
In this capacity, Grant came up with a Beyond their goal of crushing Italian Axis forces, the Allies wanted to draw German troops away from In March , during World War I , British and French forces launched an ill-fated naval attack on Turkish forces in the Dardanelles in northwestern Turkey, hoping to take control of the strategically vital strait separating Europe from Asia.
The failure of the Sherman led some 60, soldiers on a mile march from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia. The victories forced the At the Battle of Nashville, which took place from December 15 to December 16, , during the American Civil War , the once powerful Confederate Army of Tennessee was nearly destroyed when a Union army commanded by General George Thomas swarmed over the Rebel Live TV.
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